Strategy Development And Implementation Term Paper

Strategy Development And Implementation - Term Paper Example This report stresses that the specific chapter of the book Art of War refers to a critical issue regarding a battle: the tactical disposition. The term tactical disposition incorporates two elements: securing that there is no risk of defeat from enemy, trying to identify a chance for defeating the enemy. The specific chapter highlights the importance of alternative techniques for developing a battle. This paper makes a conclusion that the identification of appropriate tactics for securing the effectiveness of a strategic business plan can be a challenging task. Moreover, it has been proved that the ability of strategic planners to identify and evaluate appropriately all risks related to a particular plan is not standardized. In fact, it seems that each strategic planner uses a different approach for evaluating business needs. In this way, most business plans are often exposed to high risks, a problem that it is usually revealed with a significant delay, when the potentials for resolving the relevant problem are limited. The use of existing theoretical models for developing effective business plans can be a method for securing the success of these plans. The views of Sun Tzu, as included in his book Art of War, would be a valuable theoretical framework of such kind. Even if the above book refers to military strategy, its involvement in business planning cannot be rejected. As prov ed above, the specific book can help strategic planners in increasing the effectiveness of their plans, either in the short or the long term.

Year of Wonder Explores the Complexity Essay Example for Free

Year of Wonder Explores the Complexity Essay Year of Wonder explores the complexity of human nature and the consequences of human actions â€Å"He brought the wide world with him† Anna Frith admires George Viccars for being well-travelled but does not realise that he has brought not only his knowledge of the world but also the perils of disease with him. Silhouetted against the sepulchral backdrop of the blighted Eyam, Geraldine Brooks depicts a community caught in extraordinary times in her historical novel â€Å"Year of Wonder†. The novel conveys the complications and ramifications of human nature and human actions, interwoven with the cultural value of religion and beliefs in addition to the social value of trust. Brooks illustrates that the nature suspect and distrust has stemmed from the Plague, as well as the fact that to a degree, all humans have similar nature. Whilst some responded positively to these catastrophic turn of events, others suffered server negative impact to this result of human action. The similarities in nature between characters are evident in the novel. Through the first person narrative of Anna Frith, readers are invited to see the whole story from her perspective and insights on her own life and personality. As the intricacies of the plot unfolds, we began to see that, indeed, Anna was lost in an abyss of pain and suffering, yet in response to it, she has grown strong, no longer a child â€Å"to quail at terrors†. Since our first glimpse at her, Anna has proven herself to be a capable care-taker. Although her role is Michael Mompellion’s servant is quite circumscribed, she always goes beyond the restrict scopes of her duties in attempting to coax him out of his melancholia. She often takes on a mothering role towards Michael, as she says â€Å"treating him as if he was my child†. In result of her actions towards Mompellion, she saw the need to nurture others, even motherless child or plagued victims. As those around her starts to shrug off their responsibilities, Anna begin to shoulder more burdens then running a household and bringing solace to the afflicted. Just like Anna, Elinor Mompellion possesses a â€Å"sinewy mind† with a â€Å"driving energy†. She is a well-educated woman, whom, when first mentioned in the novel, is educating Anna on how to read. Elinor does not respect the division between â€Å"weak and strong, between men and woman, laborer and lord†, as Anna recalls â€Å"she never reminded me of my place (as a servant)†. Hence, the author’s ability to depict the complexity of human nature is evident in the novel as the personalities of characters are, to an extent, similar from each other. One of the fatal effects of the plague is that it breeds the human nature of mutual suspicion and distrust. It is possible that the plague is merely exacerbating tensions already present with in the village but it does so to an unprecedented degree. Thus, certain individuals of a somewhat antisocial and self-serving bent find their actions and inclinations magnified by the advent of the Plague. Josiah Bont, who is Anna’s abusive father, becomes a gravedigger, willing to pursue homicide as a stimulus to his profits; his wife, Aphra, shamelessly exploits the anxieties of her fellow villagers for monetary gain by pretending to be the ghost of the deceased Anys Gowdie. In what is, perhaps, a less culpable fashion, David Burton seizes the opportunity to advance his own interest at the expense of Merry Wickord, whose family mine has been left open to claim by the death of her parents. Instances such as these suggest that Michael Mompellion’s assertion that â€Å"the Plague will make heroes of us all†, however optimistic, is not well founded. Even more strikingly, the readiness of the villagers to turn against Mem and Anys Gowdie, whose service as healers have been much in demand, indicates that the plague deepens the rifts already exists in the community. As Jon Millstone comments, there is a grave danger that the time â€Å"will make monsters of us all†. Therefore it is the villagers own nature which acts as the catalyst for further tragic events. The onslaught of the plague has scarred numerous villagers in Eyam. As the plague creeps further into the village, people who begin to face corruption as they undergo catastrophic changes are omnipresent throughout the novel. Ever since the plague arrived, the villagers did not see it as an act of nature, but rather as a curse, as they are blinded by their own beliefs, relaying on superstition and living in the false reality of religion. In result, they saw the tailor, George Vicars, as the Devil and the architect of the plague. There for, they believed that Anys, who slept with George, as a witch and killed her. This was the first response to the crisis, a response of fear and panicking, as the villagers looking for a scapegoat for the cause of this problem. As Anna suffers the loss of both of her sons, she begins to seek comfort in the graveyard. She also begins to question â€Å"how can the just and merciful God take the life of innocents†. Soon after she became addicted to opiates and going as far as to stealing them, thus giving us insights on Anna’s weakness and the first crack in her religion. Others who are desperate in seeking sanctuary in such times also turned their backs on religion as they trust in the ‘ghost of Anys Gowdie’, who offers them demonic rituals, charms and spells in return for money. It is evident that in this novel, the certain characters walked the wrong path from desperation and resulted in unpredicted results. It is apparent however, that although the plague decayed the mind of almost the entire village, there are still those who fought for what they believed in and survived the corruption. After the arrival of the plague, it was always Mompellion who stands in front of the villagers and convincing in an optimistic tone that â€Å"trust in God to perform his wonders†. Such speech is the signpost the beginning to his leadership, which has also planted the seeds of discord between superstition and faith. His usage of God and trust are an obvious plot to influence the townspeople to trust and believe him. Through all the disorder, unexpected alliances are made. Mompelion confers with Puritan Thomas Stanley, a Purtian who quitted the parish three years ago. Thus showing that in times of crisis, religious differences can be overcome to unify for greater cause of human survival. Anna has encountered countless barrages alone the path, however because of her work and friend ship with Elinor, she was also able to rise from the adversity. After she discovers the truth about him and Elinor, she stands up to Mompellion as well as the Bradfords, thus breaking the social structure. Because of the plague, Anna metaphorically transformed from a simple, uneducated girl to a powerful, formidable woman. She escaped from her past and is able to create a promising future for herself and her children. Therefore, it can be said that a beacon of juxtaposition shines between those who survive and those who don’t, allowing the readers to see the different outcomes. In essences, the plague itself does not produce heroes or monsters, unity or division. It only amplifies the human natures which individuals already possess, in addition to the similarities and differences in nature between characters. Hence, there are those who like Anna, can emerge from the experience of the plague and responded with positive actions, and those that reached a breaking point in such times and suffered consequences as a result. The plague symbolises a test, just like in a furnace in which all must be melted to find the pure metal.

Globalisation :: miscellaneous

Globalisation Globalisation is a term, which has invoked extensive academic debate over its impact and credibility, giving rise to a number of perspectives harboured by their respective scholars. Resulting from this division is a lack of universal acceptance towards a single definition beyond broad descriptions such as increased global interconnectedness.† Hence in order to gain an understanding of the phenomena it is necessary to distinguish between its two major forms, and the various agents involved. Nationalism In The Global VillageINTRODUCTIONWith the dawning of the information age there has been a shrinking of relative distances between people and places all over the world. With an increase in international communication comes an increase in cultural sharing. Cultures all over the planet reflect influences of neighboring cultures and other international trading partners. As these and many other factors work towards creating a global village many people are baffled by the increase in nationalism. Nationalism is a highly emotional phenomenon and as such is very unpredictable. Nationalism is far beyond its peak and the current rise is likely only an indicator of the transitional stage of globalization.GLOBAL VILLAGEToday it is common to here the term "global village" used in every day conversation. It is also common to here someone say, "What the hell is the global village?" The global village is the idea that the world and its people form an interconnected social whole, a village of common interests and concerns, linked by global communication, media, and rapid international transportation. The global village has emerged via the birth of the information age. Technological advances have continually stretched the bounds of our communication abilities and by using improving cellular phone technology or the Internet any individual can interact with another individual from a completely different culture. Since it is so easy and affordable to engage in these cross-cultural experiences, more and more people have been doing so. Cross-cultural exchanges often rise from or result in common interests or concerns developing. For example, international companies have a vested interest in the economies of the various countries in which they conduct business. The stronger the economies the better business will be. This is the sort of common interest and concern that the global village encompasses. All cultures are continually evolving and the information age has increased the ability of one culture to influence another culture. As all cultures begin to adopt features of other cultures the population of the planet begins to develop a homogenous culture.

Creativity in Adulthood :: Creative Creativity Essays

Creativity in Adulthood Creativity is a concept surrounded by a number of beliefs and misconceptions. People believe it is limited to only a few; it declines seriously with age; and it is associated primarily with uniqueness or innovation or "artists" (Adams-Price 1998; McCormick and Plugge 1997; Runco 1996). However, research shows that creative thinking is a universal ability that can help adults manage satisfying lives and that is increasingly in demand in the workplace. This Digest reviews some of this research in order to identify ways to help adults discover and fulfill their creative potential. Nature or Nurture? What is creativity? Torrance's definition is often cited: sensitivity to problems, deficiencies, and gaps in information; making guesses, formulating hypotheses; evaluating and testing; and communicating results (McCracken 1998). Creativity is a complex of traits, skills, and capacities, including the ability to work autonomously, curiosity, unconventional thinking, openness to experience, and tolerance of ambiguity (Adams-Price 1998; Albert 1996). Highly creative adults exhibit deep knowledge of and a strong bond with their subject matter, as well as intrinsic motivation (Amabile 1996; Keegan 1996). Creativity research has focused on personality traits of creative individuals (Amabile 1996). This emphasis has led to the assumptions that creativity is largely innate or immutable and creative people are distinct from noncreative people. Recently, more attention is being paid to social and environmental factors that influence creativity. Newer definitions describe creativity as the confluence of cognitive processes, knowledge, thinking style, personality, motivation, and environment over the life span (Adams-Price 1998; Sasser-Coen 1993). It is also associated with the creation of meaning and the drive for psychic wholeness ("Creativity in Later Life" 1991), a way to address and resolve dissatisfactions and improve the quality of life (Adams-Price 1998), and a "profound response to the limits and uncertainties of existence" ("Creativity in Later Life" 1991, p. 9). For some people, creativity is an adaptive, innovative response to environmental sources of distress such as early deat h of a parent or other family problems, misfortunes, or conflicts (Adams-Price 1998; Albert 1996), whereas in other people the coping mechanisms might be substance abuse, depression, or withdrawal (McCormick and Plugge 1997). A growing body of research is examining how environmental factors affect the creativity of men and women in different ways. For many women, creative expression is limited by their education and training, cultural standards, lack of social support, and traditional gender expectations. Pohlman (1996) finds that, for men, creative identity is balanced by the experience of parenthood; for women, the two roles conflict.

Mitchell Juliet

from A Bibliography of Literary Theory, Criticism and Philology http://www. unizar. es/departamentos/filologia_inglesa/garciala/bibliography. html by Jose Angel Garcia Landa (University of Zaragoza, Spain) Juliet Mitchell Works Mitchell, Juliet. Woman's Estate. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1971. _____. Psychoanalysis and Feminism: Freud, Rank, Laing, and Women. New York: Random House, 1974. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1975. _____. Psychoanalysis and Feminism: A Radical Reassessment of Freudian Psychoanalysis.London: Allen Lane; New York: Vintage, 1974. London: Penguin, 1990. _____. â€Å"From the Feminine to the Female. † TLS 1 July 1977: 798. _____. â€Å"On Freud and the Distinction between the Sexes. † In Mitchell, Women, The Longest Revolution. New York: Pantheon, 1984. _____. â€Å"Psychoanalysis: A Humanist Humanity or a Linguistic Science? † In Women: The Longest Revolution. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984. _____. â€Å"The Question of Femininity and the Theory of Ps ychoanalysis. † In Mitchell, Women: The Longest Revolution. New York: Pantheon, 1984. 95-313. _____. â€Å"The Question of Femininity and the Theory of Psychoanalysis. † In. Psychoanalysis and woman: A Reader. Ed. Shelley Saguaro. Houndmills: Macmillan, 2000. _____. Women: The Longest Revolution. Essays in Feminism, Literature and Psychoanalysis. New York: Pantheon; London: Virago, 1984. _____. La liberacion de la mujer: la larga lucha. (Cuadernos Anagrama, 100). Barcelona: Anagrama. _____. â€Å"Femininity, Narrative and Psychoanalysis. † In M. Eagleton 1986: 100-103. _____. â€Å"Femininity, Narrative and Psychoanalysis. In Modern Criticism and Theory: A Reader. Ed. David Lodge. London: Longman, 1988. 425-30. * _____. â€Å"Siamese Twins at Odds. † Rev. of Freudians and Feminists. By Edith Kurzweil. TLS 31 May 1996: 12. * _____, ed. The Selected Melanie Klein. Ed. Juliet Mitchell. 1986. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991. Mitchell, Juliet, and Jacqueline Rose , eds. Feminine Sexuality. By Jacques Lacan and the ecole freudienne. Trans. Jacqueline Rose. New York: Norton; London: Macmillan, 1982. Mitchell, Juliet, and Ann Oakley, eds. The Rights and Wrongs of Women.Harmondsworth, 1976. _____, eds. What Is Feminism? New York: Random House, 1986. Criticism Elliot, Patricia. â€Å"Juliet Mitchell, Jacqueline Rose, and the Defense of Sexual Difference. † In Elliot. From Mastery to Analysis: Theories of Gender in Psychoanalytic Feminism. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1991. 71-98. * Watkins, Susan. â€Å"Psychoanalytic Feminism: Juliet Mitchell: Psychoanalysis and Feminism, Nancy Chodorow, The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender, Margaret Atwood: Lady Oracle. In Watkins, Twentieth-Century Women Novelists: Feminist Theory into Practice. Houndmills: Macmillan, 2001. Edited works The Rights and Wrongs of Women: Goode, John. â€Å"Woman and the Literary Text. † In The Rights and Wrongs of Women. Ed. Juliet Mitch ell and Ann Oakley. Harmondsworth, 1976. 217-55. What Is Feminism? Cott, Nancy F. â€Å"Feminist Theory and Feminist Movements: The Past Before Us. † In What Is Feminism? Ed. Juliet Mitchell and Ann Oakley. New York: Random House, 1986.

The Smurfette Principle in the Modern Media Feminism Is over

The Smurfette Principle in the Modern Media Feminism Is over Coined by Katha Pollitt in the distant 1991, the term â€Å"Smurfette Principle† described the phenomenon of female characters existing in media for the sole purpose of being the male counterparts and having no identity other than that: â€Å"The message is clear. Boys are the norm, girls the variation; boys are central, girls peripheral; boys are individuals, girls types.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Smurfette Principle in the Modern Media: Feminism Is over? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Boys define the group, its story and its code of values. Girls exist only in relation to boys† (Pollitt, 1991, April 7, para. 4).Also known as a â€Å"token woman,† the given character originated from the attempts of the entertainment industry to market their product to a particular audience (Thompson Heinberg, 1999). However, despite the fact that the Smurfette principle is still applied towards mode rn media and especially film industry, considerable changes in the definition of the role of a female character have occurred, with the latter acquiring their own unique features outside of supplying color commentaries for the male characters, which can be traced in a number of present-day media specimens. One of the most obvious changes that have occurred to female characters in media and that seems to have the greatest impact on the destruction of the Smurfette Principle is that most of the female characters created in 2000s–2010s clearly have distinct personalities – in contrast to the ones of the 90s era, when a female character had a personality of a powder compact (Smith, 2008). Another obvious foot forward in promoting a less clichà ©d female character to younger audience is the fact that modern female leads do not need a male companion and often do not have one. The given feature of a â€Å"strong, independent† female character was launched by the creat ors of long-forgotten She-Ra franchise (Scheimer 1985–1986), where, though originally created as a counterpart to He-Man, the princess had a distinct personality, and her gender could be considered accidental. Although the number of female protagonists with their unique story arc and personality still seems quite little, the prevalence of female antagonists whose gender could be defined as accidental is stunning. Even the notorious The little mermaid, which Pollitt despised so much for providing an unbearably bland character with the most trivial motivations that a female protagonist can get, provides the audience with a unique and compelling evil female character. Ursula, though admittedly despicable, is much more compelling than Ariel, and her motivations are much more complex; the animators could have easily substituted her with a male character without changing a single line: â€Å"Come in. Come in, my child. We mustnt lurk in doorways. Its rude. One might question your upbringing† (Ashman, 1989, 0:39:17–0:39:25). Therefore, it can be assumed that the experience of writing negative female characters can be translated into creating unique female protagonists as well.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It must be admitted that the idea of splitting the characters into male protagonists and their female archetypes is extremely alluring for most of the present-day media companies. In fact, even the most gender neutral TV shows and cartoon series seem to recycle the same concept of a male lead and his shallow female counterpart. In fact, female characters are provided with a leading part quite rarely even nowadays, especially in TV shows and animated series, with several major exceptions which only seem to make the Smurfette Principle even stronger. Indeed, in a retrospective, the media targeted at children rarely features the shows in which a female protagonist plays just as important part as a male one. For instance, in 1990s and 2000s, most TV shows, such as Avatar (DiMartino, 2005–2008), had male leads, whereas all that girls were left with was My little pony (Faust, 2010). The 2010s, however, changed a lot. Such shows as Kim Possible (for teens) and Dora the Explorer (for younger audience) showed that female protagonists could exist and, more importantly, were not supposed to follow the formula of shallow female archetypes. What is even more surprising, these shows were targeted not primarily at boys, but largely at teens and kids, therefore, offering big gender neutral shows with a strong female lead, not to mention the famous and extremely well grossing â€Å"Avatar: The Legend of Korra† (with 4.5 rating, according to the Staff Writer (2013, November 14)). The process of redefining female characters in media, especially in the media designed for children, is taking place at a very slow pace at present, mostly because of the creators’ unwillingness to try something new in terms of female character development. The intentions of the people involved into the media industry are hardly malicious; instead, they seem to be careless towards the way in which media shapes children’s perception of reality. There are a few exceptions in the grand scheme, but for the most part, the Smurfette Principle seems to be affecting the evolution of a female character even nowadays, especially in children TV series and cartoons and mostly for the same reasons that it appears in the adult media. There seems to be a pattern of attitudes towards the media created by women and by men in that the latter are said to create the content for girls and women, while the latter are considered to be able to create content for both.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Smurfette Principle in the Modern Media: Feminism Is over? specifically for you for on ly $16.05 $11/page Learn More The 2010s, however, have changed the cultural landscape of female characters, in children media specifically. It is remarkable that a number of movies that were released in 2010s have a female protagonist that often does not require a male counterpart and seems to be able to exist on her own. Taking Merida from Brave (2012) as an example one will see that she is the compelling female character that does not fit the Smurfette Principle at all; she even stands the Bechdel test, for that matter (Freedman, 2009). She interacts with male characters, yet marrying a prince is not her focus; true, she has suitors, but she prefers not to marry any of them at the end of the movie: â€Å"There are those who say fate is something beyond our command. That destiny is not our own, but I know better. Our fate lives within us, you only have to be brave enough to see it.† (Docter, Lasseter Stanton, 2012). The given movie is not the only example of female protagonists evolving into self-sufficient characters with their own unique story arcs. Although the process of changing the viewers’ idea of women in media, especially if these viewers are children, is not easy, it still has the potential, which more recent examples of portraying women in media show. Another obvious change to female characters in media, especially in media for children, is that the female protagonists are no longer needed to be portrayed as the lead character’s love interest or a â€Å"sidekick† – quite on the contrary, they get their own unique stories and develop authentic character traits that inform, but not define them (Michael et al., 2012). Synthesis The present-day media, especially media designed for children, still seems to suffer from the abuse of token female characters. However, the basic tendencies in the media industry are clearly geared towards redefining female characters. The recent media products in general and media products for children in particular are the exact manifestation of such tendencies, as the analysis of shows and movies above displays (Taylor, 2003). The creators of female characters in media have a number of complex and often contradictory tasks. On the one hand, they must create a female character, who is going to be authentic and will not be considered a bland attempt at recycling the character traits of the male protagonist. On the other hand, it is necessary to create the female character whose key features are not going to inform her gender and be attributed to both men and women; in other words, it is necessary to step away from stereotypical portrayal of women in media (Aina Cameron, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Assuming that female characters cannot evolve in the present-day media would be quite a stretch – as the recent movies and TV series for younger audience show, it is possible to write an interesting and compelling female protagonist. However, the introduction of such characters into popular media presupposes fighting a number of stereotypes. As it turns out, it is possible not to fall for the trope of a female archetype in movies and come up with a unique personality for a female protagonist. Therefore, it is only a matter of time and effort before a range of new and inspiring female characters appear in mass media in general and children media in particular. Reference List Aina, O. E. Cameron, P. A. (2011). Why does gender matter? Counteracting stereotypes with young children. Dimensions of Early Childhood, 39(3), 11–20. Ashman, H. (Executive Producer). (1989). The little mermaid [DVD]. Burbank, CA: Walt Disney Pictures. DiMartino, M. D. (2005–2008) . Avatar: The last airbender. Studio City, LA: Nicelodeon Animation Studio. Docter, P., Lasseter, J. Stanton, A. (2012). Brave [DVD]. Emeryville, CA: Pixar. Faust, L. (Executive Producer). (2010). My little pony. Vancouver: Studio B Productions. Freedman, A. (2009). Drawing on Modernism in Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home. Journal of Modern Literature, 32(4), 125-140. Michael, E., Bakar, A. R. A.,Ibrahim, I. M., Veerappan, G., Noor, N. M., Heng, L. E. Yann, N. K. (2012). A comparative study of gender roles in animated films. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 12(5), 73–78. Pollitt, K. (1991, April 7). Hers; the Smurfette principle. The New York Times. Web. Scheimer, L. (Executive Producer). (1985–1986). She-Ra: Princess of power. East Pittsburg, PA: Group W Productions. Smith, S. L. (2008). Gender stereotypes: An analysis of popular films and TV. Web. Staff Writer (2013, November 14). Legend of Korra director creates contest for book 2 episode 11: Ratings rising after timeslot change. KPopStarz. Web. Taylor, F. (2003). Content analysis and gender stereotypes in childrens books. Teaching Sociology, 31(3), 300–311. Thompson, K. J. Heinberg, L. J. (1999). The medias influence on body image disturbance and eating disorders: Weve reviled them, now can we rehabilitate them? Journal of Social Issues, 55(2), 339–353.

Auditory Learning Strategies and Characteristics

Auditory Learning Strategies and Characteristics Do you prefer lectures over long reading assignments? Are you great at following verbal directions? Do you benefit from in-class discussions and receive great marks for class participation? If so, you may be an auditory learner. Auditory learning is one of the  three learning styles  established by the VAK model of learning. In essence, auditory learners retain information best when it is presented through sound and speech. Auditory learners generally remember what their teacher says and readily participate in class. They are good listeners and often very social, which means they can sometimes get distracted from the lesson by everything else going on in the classroom. Auditory learning methods range from studying with voice recordings to memorizing vocabulary words by inventing short songs. Strengths of Auditory Learners From kindergarten to calculus class, auditory learners will be some of the most engaged and responsive members of any classroom. Here are some of the strengths that will help them achieve success in the classroom: Good at explaining ideas out loudKnack for understanding changes in tone of voiceSkilled at oral reports and class presentationsUnafraid to speak up in classFollows verbal directions wellEffective member of study groupsGifted storytellerAble to work through complex problems by talking out loud Auditory Learning Strategies Those with an auditory learning style like to speak and hear others speak in order to learn, but they may have trouble reading silently or staying engaged in a completely quiet classroom. If you are an auditory learner, try these strategies to improve your learning experience. Find a study buddy. Team up with a study group or a reliable study partner and quiz each other on the content. Verbally reinforcing the information will help you retain it, especially if you have to memorize lots of details.Record class lectures. Ask your instructors permission to create audio recordings of class lectures. During class, focus your brain power on listening closely to the lecture. Youll process the information much better this way than if you try to jot down every word the teacher says. Later, you can listen back to the recording and take notes on the most important information.Sit near the front of the room. Find a spot in the front row so that you can hear every word of the lecture.Listen to classical music. Listen to lyric-free music while you study. (Music with lyrics may be too distracting.)Participate in class discussions as much as possible. Talking about your ideas and voicing your questions will increase your understanding of the material. Encourage other stud ents when they speak so that others feel just as comfortable as you do speaking in front of a group.   Record yourself reading key terms and their definitions out loud. Then, listen to the recording while you walk to class, exercise, or get ready for bed.Repeat facts with your eyes closed. This technique will help you focus your attention on the auditory process, rather than any other visual stimuli that might be in front of you.Read assignments out loud. If youre given a homework assignment that involves reading a lengthy chapter, dont feel like youre trapped into a silent reading session. Instead, curl up in your room or another study space and read aloud to yourself. (You can even make it interesting by using goofy voices.) Auditory Learning Tips for Teachers Auditory learners need to listen, speak, and interact in order to learn. They are often social butterflies. Help the auditory learners in your class put their gift of gab to good use with these teaching strategies. Call on auditory learners to answer questions.Lead class discussions and reward class participation.During lectures, ask auditory learners to repeat ideas in their own words.Record your lectures so that auditory learners can listen to them more than once.Allow any struggling auditory learner to take an oral exam instead of a written one.Create lesson plans that include a social element, such as paired readings, group work, experiments, projects, and performances.Modulate your vocal tone, inflection, and body language during lectures.Allow students with an auditory learning style to listen to approved music during silent study periods.

Enjoy Your Choices or Find New Ones

Enjoy Your Choices or Find New Ones Let the beauty we love be what we do. There are hundreds of ways to kneel and kiss the ground. Rumi I saw this quote, pasted it here, and did away with the editorial I had written for this week. The quote prompted a spark such that I had to stop what I was doing and write. The idea is controversial, but thats fine. You can read it for its good intention, or twist it into something else. Its totally up to you. The world is in love with writing. Its organic (or should be). Its a tool we can put into practice girl with apples on her hands simply Other than run, what energy can you expend so simply and feel its rewards so intimately upon its completion? So, when you find yourself grumbling about rejection, fussing about yet another blog post, scrambling to understand the best way to use social media to make your writing salable, stop and thinkdo you really want to do this? How dare I challenge your skills, your mission, your ability to tell stories? I dare to We fuss about the bad writing that makes money and the good writing thats ignored. We fanatically hunt for the best tricks, how-tos, and secrets to writing well, organizing our time, or getting published. The excellent writers, the names that slide off your tongue like your favorite television show or family recipe, dont do any of this. They simply write. They write like their life depends on it. They write because its what they love. They dont care about the odds, the obstacles, the naysayers or the paradigm shifts of New York publishing. They thrive on their words and feed from their stories. To them, difficulty is just todays challenge to the same end to write for readers. There are no excuses about lost time, family obligations, short income, or Internet speed. They dont wake up and decide whether they feel like it. They rise eager to return to the page, regardless ofthe environment or issues of the day. Its what they do. Its what you ought to be doing . . . assuming that writing is your calling. What a miserable existence trying to force yourself into a calling, like choosing to be a minister without being beckoned Give yourself permission to step away from writing and find that other calling you are shirking. Imagine the joy youre missing, the thrill youre pushing aside because you think you want to be a writer. You only have one life, and its best you find the right fulfillment for those short years you have on this earth. Its okay not to be a writer. Its not okay to spend your life struggling to be something youre not. But if you are indeed hell-bent on being a writer, just do it.

Academic Journal Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Academic Journal - Article Example On the other hand, the US Commercial Services identifies Saudi Arabia as the country with the fastest growing market in terms of security equipment and technology, especially surveillance cameras, consequently accounting for 12% of the world’s security equipments sales (qtd. in Alhadar and McCahill 317). With a look into the operations of surveillance camera system in Crescent Mall in Riyadh, this article addresses fundamental questions arising from the use of this technology in Riyadh and largely in Saudi Arabia. As noted by Marx, current surveillance â€Å"monitors not individual suspects, but geographical places, time periods and entire categories of persons† (qtd. in Alhadar and McCahill 325). However, this new surveillance takes a different perspective once religion and social morals take centre stage as proved Crescent Mall in Riyadh. In this regard, the main target of surveillance becomes men suspected of courting women instead of drug users and other social deviants in a western-like surveillance set-up. In addition, there is a theocratic approach when the surveillance targets those who do not attend prayers. Cultural norms and traditions shaped the response of the security systems in the mall. Case in point, a patrol security officer once directed by the surveillance operator to two elderly women sitting on the floor failed to take action on them since as Alhadar and McCahill noted, â€Å"Saudi cultural norms dictate that elderly people should be treated with respect and consideration† (322). In this case, traditional beliefs played an integral role regarding carrying out of surveillance. On the other hand, the attitudes of the observers played a crucial role in monitoring visitors at the mall especially the women who wore veils. The attitudes are of crucial importance since wearing veils did not prevent women from talking and interacting with men who were not their kin as the Saudi traditions and values

Business Simulation Game (Individual Report) Essay

Business Simulation Game (Individual Report) - Essay Example ment of a foot-wear company operating in Europe-Africa, Latin America, Asia-Pacific and North America and the strategic decisions that the virtual company has made from its Year 10 to Year 15 of operation. The company operates in four different geographical areas; Europe-Africa, Latin America, Asia-Pacific and North America. This means the company operates in different political atmospheres. It thus has to deal with the problems and challenges of political ambiguities and turbulence. In order to create a political environment that is amenable to our business, we have pursued political risk management strategies. We have taken advantage of the growing global awareness and entered into the global market. As globalization leads to more business opportunities for our company, we have to change the roles of the business game and strategize accordingly with the changing dynamics. We appreciate that different organizational players and settings shape our business opportunities through different public policy processes in the locales that host our operations. Before settling on any particular strategy to take control of the political uncertainty, our company further considered the High Involvement Strategy. This involved contemplating the possibility of expending great resources and developing a more elaborate strategy. The strategy would be geared towards effecting the political environment in ways that would yield maximum returns to our efforts. Using this strategy, the company did not abandon the idea of networking with other similar-minded firms. Instead of coalition with like-minded firms to gain scale, the strategy would be for diverse parties to gain scope. All companies, organizations and agencies are potential members of the High Involvement Strategy. The strategy would include networking of regional, local, national, political, economic and social actors. Through frequent communication and contact, the network behaves like an information-gathering device that

Contemporary Utopia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contemporary Utopia - Essay Example Grube and Reeve (328b) in their description of Plato’s Republic, propose other utopia related ideologies such as abiding peace, strict government structure and high levels social equality. The community under investigation for utopian ideas, in this case, is Los Angeles based Ashram West. Ashram West’s utopian ideologies can be discerned from a wide array of elements, ranging from the community’s name to its practices. For instance, if directly interpreted, the word ashram means a place of religious retreat. Further, Ashram West seeks to provide refuge for gay-identified individuals, offer enlightenment services to the community and bolster spirituality of diverse people. Evidently, this gay spiritual residential area entwines religious, philosophical, administrative and sociological utopian ideologies as discussed further hereunder. Ashram West was conceived in the year 1997 by an individual known as William, and later incorporated as a nonprofit organization (NPO) in the state of California. The establishment is currently situated in the Silver Lake area of Los Angeles, and occupies a large apartment with one bedroom. The organization is affiliated to the Southern California Vedanta Society, thus explaining its religious connections to Hinduism and Buddhism linked Tantra teachings. Further, Ashram West is legally sanctioned as a religious establishment, meaning that the community affiliates uphold its religious teachings. The community does not hold any form of prejudice against people from varying races, countries of origin, sexuality and social status, among other distinguishing elements. In regard to membership, Ashram West is always open for new affiliates. Other aspects of interest within this community include mode of leadership or government and social practices. In consideration of leadership and decis ion making, members select an individual to lead them on the basis of

Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Scholarship Essay Example To make matters worse, soon after my divorce, I had to move back in with my parents only to have to face a family tragedy. My parents died within 18 months of each other soon after. They left behind a sizable debt which I now have to contend with paying. All of these amount to me coming to my wits end. How will it be possible for me to continue with my life and honor my financial obligations if I do not have the kind of job that will allow me the kind of income to do so? After much soul searching, I finally found the answer. I decided to quit my job of nine years in order to save what I could of the little money that my parents left me to spend on pursuing the completion of my Business Administration degree. I felt like I had no choice but to resign from my job because it was not really serving its full purpose as a significant source of income for my family needs and financial obligations now that my parents were no longer around to help me out financially. Some people may say I am stupid for leaving a job that was paying me, even if it was only a pittance. But then again, holding on to that job was preventing me from retraining myself in order to achieve a higher goal. My full concentration is now set on completing my college degree and eventually pursuing an MBA. However, my finances are still quite strapped, which is why I have come to the Neal, Thomas James, and Lynnie Rice Neal Scholarship foundation for help. With a GPA of 3.75, I realize that I will be in a cut-throat competition with the other applicants. But the foundation will not be sorry if the scholarship is awarded to me. I know the value of a good education because I am the only member of my family to ever attend college. And I fully intend to use every opportunity that I can in order to achieve the greatness in life that I know I was meant for. All I am asking for, is a helping hand. I am hoping that your foundation will be one to give me the leg up that I need to get

EU Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

EU Economy - Essay Example ..5 4.2 Pillar 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 5.0 Past Reforms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 5.1 CAP Expenditure and CAP Reform Path†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 6.0 Various Perspectives on Proposed Reforms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 6.1 Farmers View point†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 6.2 NGOs Perspective†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 6.3 Research Institutes and Experts’ Opinions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 7.0 Does the CAP Defy Trade Theory?........................................................9 8.0 Ricardo's Comparative Advantage Theory and the CAP†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 9.0 Heckscher and Ohlin Theory and the CAP†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 10.0 Ground for Choices †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 11.0 Guiding Principles for Reforms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 11.1 Global Food Security†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 11.2 Environment Initiatives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ... Initially, during ‘60s, it was formulated to increase the agricultural production and achieve food security. Since then much has changed at the global level and the world has progressed to trading in a tariff-free regime under the auspices of World Trade Organization. It has been agreed that resources are scarce and must be harnessed efficiently to enhance economic wealth of the nations within EU. The existing CAP within EU with direct payments on per hectare basis does not make any sense. The agricultural subsidies cost huge proportion of the EU budget. Providing export subsidies to produce surplus to dump it in the international market at the cost of developing countries, especially poor African countries, defy the basic probity and economic sense. Sweeping reforms are needed that can take care of environmental issues, climate mitigation, reduce water pollution, support efficient farming and rural development, provide fair international competition and encourage innovation in agriculture increasing productivity levels. Introduction This policy paper is for the attention of the Agricultural Commissioner, EU and is designed to explore whether the CAP should be reformed, and if so then in what way it should be modified to address the current issues. The paper is structured around understanding existing CAP and its relevance in reference to various economic theories that economists have proposed in last few decades to enhance the global wealth. It will look into various perspectives on proposed reforms and the available choices to address environmental issues. The paper finally provides concrete recommendations on the future CAP. Historical Account The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) had its modest beginning in 1962. Since

Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Scholarship Essay Example To make matters worse, soon after my divorce, I had to move back in with my parents only to have to face a family tragedy. My parents died within 18 months of each other soon after. They left behind a sizable debt which I now have to contend with paying. All of these amount to me coming to my wits end. How will it be possible for me to continue with my life and honor my financial obligations if I do not have the kind of job that will allow me the kind of income to do so? After much soul searching, I finally found the answer. I decided to quit my job of nine years in order to save what I could of the little money that my parents left me to spend on pursuing the completion of my Business Administration degree. I felt like I had no choice but to resign from my job because it was not really serving its full purpose as a significant source of income for my family needs and financial obligations now that my parents were no longer around to help me out financially. Some people may say I am stupid for leaving a job that was paying me, even if it was only a pittance. But then again, holding on to that job was preventing me from retraining myself in order to achieve a higher goal. My full concentration is now set on completing my college degree and eventually pursuing an MBA. However, my finances are still quite strapped, which is why I have come to the Neal, Thomas James, and Lynnie Rice Neal Scholarship foundation for help. With a GPA of 3.75, I realize that I will be in a cut-throat competition with the other applicants. But the foundation will not be sorry if the scholarship is awarded to me. I know the value of a good education because I am the only member of my family to ever attend college. And I fully intend to use every opportunity that I can in order to achieve the greatness in life that I know I was meant for. All I am asking for, is a helping hand. I am hoping that your foundation will be one to give me the leg up that I need to get

Gardasil Vaccine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gardasil Vaccine - Essay Example While one side of the pharmaceutical industry argues and pushes for the drug to become mandatory, there is another side of the industry that asks the world to wait. Merck & Co., a world-class pharmaceutical company that markets various vaccines, is currently marketing the Gardasil vaccine. All its products are tried, tested and accepted in the markets with a lot of confidence. Till now Merck has provided some of the best vaccines to the world. Officials state that with the growing number of cases of cervical cancer, Garadasil would dramatically improve longevity and quality of life for many. The vaccine would not only protect people from the HPV infection, but will also help the 6 million cases affected every year2. The HPV vaccine is designed to protect against strains 6, 11, 16 and 18; which together cause 90% of HPV cases (National Cancer Institute). The company is currently on an awareness program called One less and as per Bev Lybrand, vice president & general manager, HPV Franchise, GARDASIL, Merck Vaccine Division, "The full public health benefit of reducing the burden of cervical cancer and HPV disease may be achieved through broad publ ic awareness and vaccination with GARDASIL, which is the driving force behind One Less." The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as of Jun... A vaccine or drug comes for FDA approval after a battery of clinical tests and phases of study. After the approval of Gardasil, Andrew C. von Eschenbach, MD, Acting Commissioner of Food and Drugs was noted to say that, 'This vaccine is a significant advance in the protection of women's health in that it strikes at the infections that are the root cause of many cervical cancers" (June 8, 2006, FDA News). Later in June, the vaccine was approved for usage on children as young as nine years old (Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices3). Cons The National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) formed by the parents of vaccine-injured children is a leading critic of vaccines made compulsory for all people across ages. It also seriously considers the lack of research and fundamental principles that often organizations overlook. The NVIC has called upon the ACIP of CDC to inform them to refuse the universal application of Gardasil. As per them, Merck's clinical trials have not proved the vaccine to be safe for young girls. While the drug has been approved for usage in children from nine years onwards, statistics show that only a small pool of 250 pre teens were tested with Garadasil. NVIC president Barbara Loe Fisher, even went on to say that, "Merck and the FDA have not been completely honest with the people about the pre-licensure clinical trials." Many religious conservatives also do not agree with making the vaccine mandatory as they feel that it may encourage unsafe sex. Health freedom organizations are a growing force today and have been formulated to fight the political power that pharmaceutical companies leverage to sell their products in the market. Many of these organizations question the importance and viability of the vaccine which

Doctrine of Judicial Precedent Essay Example for Free

Doctrine of Judicial Precedent Essay Introduction Statutes and case law are two significant sources of the UK law. In the convention of common law, the law applied to a case is decided through judicial precedent and statutory interpretation. There can be effectiveness of judicial precedent and statutory interpretation in separation as well as when they are combined in the development of law. To what extend can a judge develop the law through the operation of doctrine of judicial precedent and application to the rules of statutory interpretation will be discussed in this assignment. In the first place, this assignment will give an introduction to judicial precedent and statutory interpretation. In the second place, how can judicial precedent and statutory interpretation develop the law will be analysed and evaluated. Eventually, the conclusion of this assignment will be given. Judicial precedent, a procedure whereby judges follow previous case with sufficiently similar facts, regulates case law, which is crucial to protect law stability. As MacCormick said: â€Å"to understand case law†¦ is to understand how it is that particular decisions by particular judges concerning particular parties to particular cases can be used in the construction of general rules applying to the actions and transactions of persons at large.† (James, 2010) Judicial precedent applies to the doctrine of stare decisis. That is to not disturb the decisions that are settled. For instance, through the stare decisis, the House of Lords held that the manufacturers owed a duty of care to their ultimate consumers of their goods in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson (1932), creating a binding precedent followed in Grant v Australian Knitting Mills (1936) in respects of duty of care and neighbor principle. The binding precedent is a legal principle formed by the ratio decidendi, the reason for the decision. This means that the ratio decidendi must be followed with the recognition of the legal reason for the decision in the previous case (Jacqueline, 2010). The remainder of a judgment is Obiter dicta. It is a statement made by the way, which though is not binding but can be persuasive in the future cases. Statutory interpretation is the process of how the statutes interpreted and applied by a judge. There are four approaches developed to deal with the task of interpretation, including literal rule, golden rule, mischief rule and purposive rule. When literal rule is applied, the words in the statutes are given their dictionary, original or everyday meaning, with the respect to the will of Parliament. For instance, in Whitley v Chappell (1868), with the application to literal rule, the court held that the defendant was not guilty since a dead person is not, in the literal meaning of the word, ‘entitled to vote’. Golden rule was defined in Grey v. Pearson4 (1857), â€Å"the ordinary sense of the words is to be adhered to, unless it would lead to absurdity, when the ordinary sense may be modified to avoid the absurdity but no further.† One of the illustrated cases is Re Sigsworth (1935). A son murdered his mother entitled to nothing since the court applied golden rule to modification to prevent repugnancy and absurdity. Instead of determining what the Parliament said, the Mischief rule is applied to what Parliament meant. The Mischief rule was applied in Smith v Hughes (1871). Lord Parker CJ held that the activities of prostitution were in a â€Å"street or public place† for the intension of the Act to prevent the mischief of the impact of solicitation on the passers by. With a wider application, purposive rule is aimed to give promotion to the general legislative purpose emphasizing the provisions. Lord Denning stated â€Å"we sit here to find out the intention of Parliament and of ministers and carry it out, and we do this better by filling in the gaps and making sense of the enactment by opening it up to destructive analysis†. In Cutter v Eagle Star (1998), instead of literal rule, purposive rule is applied, holding that car park was a road, which underlies the Road Traffic Act (1988). Also, a purposive approach is now often applicable as a result of European Law. (James, 2010) Examples and evaluations of development The judicial precedent is regarded as the backbone of the common law whereas approaches of statutory interpretation have developed as significant tools in interpreting the statutes. Furthermore, there has been a notable synergy between judicial precedent and statutory interpretation in the development of law. First of all, the development of law can be achieved by applying a suitable decision from previous cases with similar materials. In the case of Shaw v DPP (1962) the House of Lords held that a crime of conspiracy to corrupt public morals existed. The conspiracy to corrupt public morals consisted of an agreement to corrupt public morals by means of the magazine, and the defendants had been rightly convicted. This was followed in Knuller v DPP (1973), being held that an agreement to publish adverts to facilitate the commission of homosexual acts between adult males in private was a conspiracy to corrupt public morals (E- lawresources, N/D). Therefore, with the application to doctrine of judicial precedent, the decision in a previous case can be applied to similar cases in the future, which then can contribute to the development of law in terms of quantity, certainty and stability. In addition, since consistent decisions are provided, the law is more possible to ensure fairness, and the citizens can be more willing to trust the law with confidence of being treated fairly. On the other hand, it is said that the doctrine of judicial precedent can be too rigid, as there seems to be a tendency that the binding precedent will be strictly applied in the decisions of cases. Also, since there are no uniform cases, the operation of the doctrine of judicial precedent may lead to a certain degree of injustice, leaving limited space for the development of law. However, the rigidity of judicial precedent can be avoided in practice through the exceptions of decisions including application of overrule and distinguishing (James, 2010). As Posner (1990) claimed: â€Å" judges follow the previous decisions of their court when they agree with them or when they deem legal stability more important in the circumstances than getting the law right. But a precedents analogical significance means simply that the precedent contains information relevant to the decision of the present case.† (Richard, 1990) Despite following the precedent strictly, judges are able to change the decisions in cooperation with facts. The Practice Statement was made by Lord Gardiner in1966, allowing the House of Lord to change its previous decision when it appears â€Å"right to do so† in an attempt to achieve justice (Jacqueline, 2010). To illustrate, in Miliangos v George Frank (Textile) Ltd (1976), the House of Lord overruled Re United Railways. In the case of Re United Railways (1961), it had been held that all debts were to be paid in sterling in an English civil case. In the case of Miliangos v George Frank (Textile) Ltd, the House of Lords held that damages could be awarded in any other foreign currency in the contract, due to the changes in conditions of foreign exchange (Vaughan, 2010). This was stated as â€Å" the existing reason ceased now for a rule† by Lord Denning (Michael, 2004). Distinguishing is another technique used by judges in order to avoid a previous binding decision that may cause inconvenient or unsuitable results. The case Balfour v Balfour (1919) is often cited in conjunction with Merritt v Merritt (1970) by way of illustration of how distinguishing works. In both of the cases, a wife sued her husband for breach of contract. In Balfour v Balfour, based on the fact that the parties had not yet been divorced when the agreement was formed, the court held that there was no enforceable agreement, owing to a rebuttable presumption against intention to create a legally domestic agreement. In the case of Merritt v Merritt, however, the claim was successful. The court was able to distinguish the material difference between two cases. Lord Denning stated that â€Å"When †¦ husband and wife, at arm’s length, decide to separate and the husband promises to pay a sum as maintenance to the wife during the separation, the court does, as a rule, impute to them an intention to create legal relations.† (Zander, 2004) As a result, the appeal from the husband in this case was dismissed. The exceptions of decisions enable the judges to be more flexible in relation of following or refusing earlier decisions from similar cases, which seems to extend the power of the law lords to create law and the space for the development of law. However, it may decrease the level of law certainty and predictability. Regardless of the role statutory interpretation plays in helping judges deal with the task of interpreting statutes, the application and development among the four rules of statutory interpretation can promote law to adapt to changing needs. In practice, judges are continually applying the existing rules to new fact situations and thus being able to keep pace with the changes of society. Firstly, approaches to statutory interpretation can attribute to the creativity and flexibility of law. Applying purposive rule, the court of the case of Royal College of Nursing v DHSS (1981) held that the Abortion Act 1967 aimed at preventing the mischief of ‘back-street abortions’ where no medical care was provided. Therefore, with the advancement of medical technology, abortion became legal to be administered by nurses. (James, 2010) In addition, rules of statutory interpretation can ensure the willing of Parliament. Judges cannot make law, which is the role of Parliament, however, they can and do try to give effect to Parliament’s intentions by using statutory interpretation. For instance, in the case of R v Registrar General ex parte Smith (1991), purposive rule was applied instead of literal rule due to the fact that the applicant was confirmed to be dangerous to his natural mother by a psychiatrist and ‘Parliament could never have intended to promote such serious crime.’ Consequently, the applicant was failed to obtain his birth certificate (Jacqueline, 2010). Approaches to statutory interpretation provide opportunities for judges to apply to different rules flexibly based upon the facts and the intention of Parliament. However, increases of flexibility and creativity of law may cause decreases of certainty and consistency. Last but not least, as two major aspects of the UK law, the interrelationship of the doctrine of judicial precedent and the rules of statutory interpretation are significant to the development of law. For example, in Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Ltd (1953), there is a technical legal meaning of â€Å"offer for sale†. With the application to literal rule, the display of goods in a store shelf was held as an invitation to treat but not an offer to sell. This decision was followed in Fisher v Bell (1961). The court held that the display of product in a shop window was an invitation to treat and thus there was no violation of the Act. (James, 2010) Conclusion As a consequence, with doctrine of judicial precedent, previous cases can be applied to cases with similar facts in the future, whereas with statutory interpretation, different decisions can be made with choices of different rules depending on different facts. The synergy between these two aspects produces certainty, elasticity and appropriate space for the gradual development of law. In conclusion, although a degree of rigidity and instability might occur in the progress of law development. Judicial precedent and statutory interpretation in combination can attribute to an increased level of certainty, consistency, flexibility, and elasticity of the law, creating an appropriate space for a gradual development of law. Bibliography: 1.James, H., 2010, Learning Legal Rules 2.Jacqueline, M., 2010, Unlocking The English Legal System 3.E-lawresources, N/D, [Internet] Available from http://www.e-lawresources.co.uk [Accessed 11 /11/ 2012]†¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¬ 4.Richard, A, P., 1990, The Problems of Jurisprudence 5.Vaughan, B., 2010, Foreign Currency Claims in the Conflict of Laws 6. Michael, Z., 2004, The Law-Making Process

UK Free Market Trading: Advantages and Disadvantages

UK Free Market Trading: Advantages and Disadvantages The UK economic system is based on the free market system and is one of the most globalised economies in the world. It is a successful country which accepts this system. Although many countries have success in this system, sometimes it is not suitable for developing countries such as China or Thailand. Most countries try to practice the free market trading in order to enhance their economic system and undeniably, this system is an ideology which each country may have to adapt appropriately. Even though capitalism and free trade are currently allowed to operate in UK, the role of government also plays a crucial role in many economic activities to ensure fairness of exchange transactions. Free market can be defined as an economic system which buyers and sellers are responsible for making their choices without regulation by the government. The price mechanism plays an important role in a free market to determine allocation and distribution goods and services. This system has several benefits which both of the producers and consumers satisfy with the price. It seems to be that free market system has many great advantages but there are a number of arguments which indicate the possible disadvantages. The fundamental characteristic of a free market is that people who can control resources and wealth have privilege to purchase goods and services at high price so the poor people are thrown out of the market implicitly. Because of this situation, several ethical problems such as unemployment, crime, and environmental problems increase. This essay will focus on an analysis of ethics and benefit of the UK free market since 1990. The first section examines the benefits and drawbacks of free market trading. The feature of free market is based on individualism and utilitarianism which form two sides of the argument. Next, the ethical problems caused from free market system will be highlighted. Due to the aspect of freedom, people may do what they want to regardless of reconsideration of society. The last point will analyze the possibility of the UK free market trading in the future and evaluate advantages and disadvantages for developing countries. 1. An analysis of benefits and drawbacks of the free market trading 1.1 Background the UK free market The free market system was accepted since the eighteenth century in the UK. This system was continuously developed until now so as to obtain maximum benefit. Even though the freedom, which is the basic concept, plays a key role in the UK economic system, practically the government may enter to the market in some sections especially public goods and services. In other words, most decisions in UK are made by the price mechanism in the market and some decisions need to manage by the state such as education, hospital, and public utility. For example, road users have to pay for the road network through the petrol tax system controlled by the UK government (Bearshaw et al., 2001). They also confirmed that the state is responsible for almost 40% of all expenditure in the UK. 1.2 The concept of free market Individualism is the basic feature of the free market system. It can be defined as the nature, evolution, and function of such institutions in terms of the unplanned and unintended action of free individual agents (Schotter, 1990, p. 6). Buyers can easily purchase any commodities and sellers also produce and distribute whichever products they want to. There are no obstacles put in place by the state to limit the flow of goods and services between trading nations (ibid., p.7). 1.3 The benefits of free market Based on the concept of individualism, there are three benefits of the free market system. First of all, Schotter (1990) stated that the entrepreneurs can make their own decisions about quantities and what goods should be produced. He also explained that if they produce a product which nobody want to or they produce too much, their profit will be decreased, reducing their income and forcing the production of new different products which the market demands. Secondly, the consumers may have various choices and can choose to buy quality goods. Every entrepreneur wants to produce the products which are sold to many people so there are also many competitors that can produce the same goods or better through the market. Therefore the producer should create distinctive products or produce high quality goods and services in order to increase sales. Lastly, there has been an increase in higher levels of education for graduate employment. Philo and Miller (2001, p.3) stated that The essential i ndividual freedoms were for employers to employ, for workers to be able to sell labor without the restrictions of the trade union and for consumers to be able to buy. The demand for the right to work is therefore converted to workers who have the individuals right to go to work. It is suggested that the workers attempt to enhance their skills so as to satisfy the wage rate because everyone can sell their abilities into the market and the employers are free to hire employees at the lowest possible price. If people have different skills which are required in the market, they will have several opportunities to choose their jobs and request higher salaries. 1.4 The drawbacks of free market On the other hand, Schotter (1990, p.47) insisted that the very individual rationality that makes the market work so sell often destroys the optimality of its results. The disadvantages can be divided into two parts. Firstly, he argued that people, who have good performance under the existing set of institutions, may have encouragement to work hard in contrast with people who do badly may not be supported. This is due to the fact that unequal distribution of income is in the society. Even though in the free market system workers free to supply their abilities, sometimes many skills which each one can do well might not be demanded in the market or many people have the same capability. Secondly, the public goods such as street lighting and public transportation, lack the encouragement from people to pay for them since there is no profit to provide these goods despite the fact that they are important for everybody. Schotter (1990) illustrated that the problem might happen if people thin k of public goods based on the free trade concept (ibid., p. 58). For example, the street lights should be installed to protect people but there is no one who wants to contribute to them because all people believe that everybody may use them which cannot be specified each person. 2. Identifying the ethical problem caused from the free market system 2.1 The ethical problems It seems that the free market has several advantages. However, the benefits of this system also lead to ethical problems such as unemployment and environmental problems. Obviously, competition is a characteristic of the free market hence people who cannot compete with others will be easily ignored by the market system. Eventually they may lead to one part of the ethical problems. Two areas of moral problems can be identified. Firstly, there was an increase in unemployment and poverty rate in the society. Most entrepreneurs try to reduce costs of their product in order to gain the high profit in the market. Consequently, they attempt to create new innovations such as machine and robot which can help them to manufacture many products in a short time and replace many workers. For example, the self checkout machines, which can be found at many ratailers such as Sainsburys in UK, can replace a lot of staffs. The buyers can make a payment by scanning the barcodes on their own goods to machines. Furthermore, an increase in jobless may be one effect of crime in the society. Secondly, the environmental problems such as greenhouse effect, air pollution, etc may result from the free market system. Due to the concept of trade without any tariffs or subsidies imposed by the state, every firm produces their products in a way that they expect to obtain the highest profit. Therefore, they do not consider the full costs of pollution (Mankiw, 2001) . Exhaust from automobile creates smog that is breathed by the public, and hence the pollution created by drivers should be included the costs attributed to a company. Bearshaw et al., (2001) also stated that the main industries responsible for a release of carbon dioxide to the air are electricity, gas and transportation. These industries are important for production and distribution in a developed country, and yet have a significant effect on global warming. It is suggested that while the company receives full benefit from the free market trading, the problem of environment will continue to be a problem. 2.2 A case study of carbon footprint emissions of two retailers in UK The Sainsburys and Tesco are currently the leading supermarkets in the UK and they create a vast amount of pollutions that lead to several environmental problems. They produce carbon footprint in many ways such as transportation, their buildings. For instance, refrigeration, which accounts for direct carbon emissions, is necessary for this business because they sell a lot of fresh food. However, they attempt to reduce their carbon footprint by several ways. Sainsburys convinces customers to bring their own bags so as to reduce the numbers of bags which bring about an increase in carbon emissions. This company also use 50% recycled material for producing their bags given to customers (J-Sainsburys, 2010). In addition, Tesco promoted the campaign Greener living Brand since September 2009 which encouraged the customers to buy products such as energy-saving light bulb which can reduce the global warming. It also launched the website which contains methods of carbon footprint reduction. F or example, this website shows ten ways to decrease carbon emissions such as washing clothes at 30 Celsius or lower. It will save around 45 kilograms of carbon dioxide per year. (Tesco, 2010) 3. Way forward for the free market in UK 3.1 An analysis of current UK economic trends It is difficult to decide whether the UK free market will be maintained over the next hundred years or will be immediately accepted by a new system. However, the UK is a country which successfully practices the free market system, as can be evaluated by the gross domestic product (GDP) . The figure 1 shows that the annual changes in GDP index from 1979 to the first quarter of 2010. Overall, the GDP growth trend remained positive and increased gradually from 2005 to the second quarter of 2008. This implies that after the free market had accepted, the UK economic system developed in the right way. However, the UK GDP growth fell and became negative during the fourth quarter of 2008 until 2009 and turned into positive in early 2010 due to global financial crisis. In this case, the state attempt to cut unnecessary public expenditure so as to reduce fiscal deficit which is the result of the recession in 2009. Additionally, the unemployment rate increased sharply from 1979 to 1986 and then decreased until 1990 as can be seen in the figure 2. It was because of the initial free market system that people became jobless. In 1990, there was a rapid increase in unemployment rate due to the contraction in monetary policy aimed at bringing down high inflation until 1993 (Jenkins, 2010). After that, the unemployment rate declined continuously until 2008 and then dramatically rose to 6.9% in the first quarter of 2009. This was due to the global recession which caused demand across the world fell sharply (Jenkins, 2010). However, figure 3 shows that the public sectors increasingly employed the staffs during 2008 to 2009 while the private sectors needed to reduce workforce and froze salaries. The UK government involved in this case in order that the labour market might recover quickly. (ONS, 2010) 3.2 Benefits and drawbacks for developing countries Undeniably, the UK has a powerful role in the global economy and success of the free market system. However, it may have advantages and disadvantages of this system. If developing countries try to practice this system, they should learn from the UK and adapt the system in conformity with the nature of each country. Thailand is one of developing countries which support the free enterprise system. It learns from several situations in developed countries such as UK and USA. It started to open up the country since the late twentieth century. Thai entrepreneurs have freedom to invest in Thailand or foreign countries and international investors can also open and expand their businesses in Thailand. Thus, there are several benefits which improve Thai economic in a good way. However, it had to face with the Asian financial crisis in 1997 which bring about a dramatic increase in unemployment. It might also have several environmental problems such as air pollution that is caused by many indust ries. Due to these situations, Thai government may integrate free market trading to solve the problems effectively by formulating legislation. For example, in Thailand every factory must control harmful gases which release to the atmosphere by setting up the filterable equipments. Conclusion In conclusion, this essay has discussed about the benefits and drawbacks from the market system. It is also identified the ethical problems which come from accepting free market system. Some countries have received a considerable number of benefits from this system. Meanwhile, they might be confronted with several moral problems such as poverty, crime, and environmental problems. Nowadays, most successful countries increasingly become aware of the social problems. For example, many countries should be concerned about global warming that impact on the creatures in the world because of an increase in temperature near the surface of the earth. Moreover, the state of each country should play a key role to control the problems by formulating the policy. The free trading concept is accepted in the UK economic system and it is a successful country. Even though the price mechanism plays an important role in the UK market, some sections may be regulated by the government in order to support s ocial justice. However, developing countries can apply the free market system from UK. In practice, every country may have to suitably adapt the concept in order to increase economic welfare. This is due to the fact that each country has different characteristic such as population, geography, and history of economic system. Perhaps the free trade might be advantageous for developed countries. This may not mean that every developing country should practice according to them since the free market system has also positive and negative effects. Furthermore, the GDP can measure the growth of each country but it cannot use as an indicator to evaluate human happiness. Although some countries have their high GDP index, it cannot imply that everybody who lives there have a sense of well-being and those countries do not have the social problems. Consequently, the economics should grow in parallel with concerns for human welfare.

My Vacation to China Essays -- Summer Vacation Essays

While vacationing in China last summer I had the opportunity to visit "The Great Wall". Combined with its technological feat and awesome presence the "Great Wall" could easy be one of mans' most remarkable accomplishments. With its design and texture that stretch for miles it can be an overwhelming experience. Construction of the Great Wall started in the seventh century B.C, it joined the walls to hold off the invaders from the Xiongnu tribes in the north and extended them to more than 5,000 kilometers. Even many miles away from the Great Wall, one could already see the outline of the wall stretching out forever. Standing near the Great Wall I notice the cold stale air. It was hard to breathe and I had to constantly cough to keep my throat clear. Visiting this huge wall of block in the morning can be an unforgettable experience. The ground was muddy because it rained non-stop the previous day. Climbing up the stairways that leads up the "Great Wall", I could hear all different languages spoken by the people who were in attendance. On top looking down sideways the wall seems t...

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay -- Fitzgerald Great Gatsb

F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby In F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel, The Great Gatsby, there is a constant feeling of movement and the desire to get away. Nick, Gatsby, Wilson, Tom and Daisy all move, or have the intention of moving. Not only does this movement seem to foreshadow events in the book, but it also seems to lead to the conclusion that society as a whole in the 1920's was rather unstable and was undergoing constant change. Not all the characters move in the same way, and this shows how different their backgrounds and lifestyles are. The main movement seems to be from west to east. Throughout the decades man is said to be progressing through the steps of evolution and toward the setting sun, or east to west. The characters move in opposite direction from which the sun sets, which seems significant to the physical and psychological patterns of the characters. The two main characters that movement affects are Nick and Gatsby. The movement of Nick and Gatsby in this direction shows us how their personalities and feelings change as the sun goes down. There are also the various meanings that the sun has, that seems to map out, or affect their near future. The sun foreshadows Nick and Gatsby's actions and emotions, which in turn are affected by the many representations the sun has. Jay Gatsby is a character that the sun affects in such a way that it becomes a symbol of his ability to direct his will and, when put together with his dream, this gives him a sense of purpose. Jimmie Gatz was born in a town in Minnesota. After changing his name to Jay Gatsby, he moved to West Egg, Long Island in order to start a new life revolved around impressing Daisy. Here the sun represents a psychological belie... ...nd that they, "had never, all along, intended doing anything at all. But it was done now. It was too late."(139) Just as the colors begin to bloom in the dazzling night sky they fade and disappear out of sight, just as Nick moves away. The rising sun has been used to describe progress and evolution, but as the sun travels backwards, it shows people for who they really are. The light is shone hard on the characters, so much so that they have nothing to hide behind. This minor action seems to set and change the entire novel at the same time. It also fits in perfectly with the flow or plot of the book. It shows how the characters are slowly opening up to their surroundings, and how much the sun, metaphorically, affects them. Throughout the novel, the sun has shone light on certain characters to show the power and hidden creativity of the unconscious mind.

Debt Hinders Development of Poor Countries Essay

The economy of the country is also undermined since all the sectors of the economy including health sector, education sector, agricultural sector, tourism sector and other sectors are compromised for the country to repay back the debts. 2. Its leads to low capital stock This is experienced due to regular payments of debts by the developing countries. Low level of investments, low outputs from the industries and farms, low savings are also experienced due to repayments of loans. A country fails to save any money for use in profitable projects; little or no capital is accumulated for development purposes. A country fails to attract F. D. Is i. e. foreign direct investments which could bring about development processes. These investors curtail their investments in these poor countries and transfer them to safer countries hence causing capital flights. 3. Debt leads to inflation. This is the general rise in price of goods and services in a country. The money borrowed may exceed the supply of goods and services hence causing inflation. If a debt is not managed properly then it will affect the whole country and its production systems. These leads to loss in stability in real value of money and other monetary items. It discourages investments of savings and shortages of goods if the consumer begins hoarding out of concern that prices will increase in future. 4. Weak currencies. When a nation has a bigger debt the economy grows slowly or totally stagnates. These poor nations are asked by their trading partners to devalue their currencies to make their goods cheaper for them to buy. Devaluation of a countries currency affects the production sectors since the prices have fallen hence making it less worth to produce because the currencies of the country’s exports are weak. This leads to continuous repayment of loans since the poor country cannot access the international markets with their weak currency hence cannot get the hard currencies. 5 . Debt hinders trade. Most of the highly indebted poor countries are endowed with raw materials and other resources. Due to this presence of natural resources they have benefited from the international trade partners. So due to loan binge of the excessive debt on the poorer countries the trading partners and trading blocs shy away since they do not want to be associated with a highly indebted country. This leads to slow economic growth and development of the country since they have to trade with countries with the same features and therefore and they cannot get a lot of finances. Most of these products from developing counties are exported to developed countries. So when these poor nations are faced with high level of protectionism in the international markets they experience a sharp reduction of exports leading to unfavorable balance of payment. The developed or trading countries bring up /erect protectionist laws inform of tariffs quotas, or standard of goods hence locking out most of the primary exports from the poor countries from accessing international markets. 6 . Debts and environment. Environmental issues, poverty and debts are very much related. This is because the more the developing countries stay. Developing countries stay in debts, the more they will feel that they need to exploit the earth or natural resources for the hard cash they bring in. the poor countries also have to cut back on its social, health, endowment, conservation, employment and other important programs, cutting back on all these issues means the country will not realize development process. These are main pillars of any development process to advance. The countries development will stagnate since all the sectors necessary to steer forward have been cut back.

Early years education Essay

1.1 – Summarise entitlement and provision for early year’s education There are many different types of early year’s provision which has been funded by the government for early years education. All three and four year olds are entitled to 15 hours of free early year’s education entitlement per week across the 38 weeks of the annual year. Theirs are five different settings where Parents can choose to give their child for their Free EY Entitlement they are: †¢Pre-school playgroup-. It is an early childhood program in which children combine learning/education with play and it is an organization that is provided by fully trained and qualified staff †¢Private Day nursery- A facility provided for the care and learning for children from the birth to 5 they are usually run by a business or a private organisation and are not linked with the government. †¢Child-minder (who belongs to a registered child-minder network)-child minders are self-employed providing the care for children in their own homes , they offer full time or part time places or flexible arrangements. Child minders are registered with the Ofsted and are inspected in accordance with the Ofsted procedures and regulations to ensure that he child-minder is providing and safe and suitable environment for the children. †¢Maintained nursery school- is a school for children between the age of 3 and 5. It is run by fully qualified and trained to staff who encourage and supervise education play and learning rather than just providing childcare. It is part of early childhood education. †¢Nursery or reception class in a primary or independent school -Nursery schools provide a more direct and structured education for early years children aged 3 to 5 Some may be part of an independent school for older age groupseg infant and primary schools. Reception classes are run by a qualified teacher. 1.3 – Explain the post 16 options for young people and adults.

Reflection on movie 500 years later Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection on 500 years later - Movie Review Example It would appear as if Africans then were willing and subservient slaves working for Europeans, but in actuality, they tried their best to rise above the horrible conditions they were pushed into. Somehow, it was just inopportune that they were helpless victims to those who had more power then, but all that is part of history now. Being able to view Elmina, said to be the slave colony in Ghana, and getting an idea of how slaves were treated, makes one shudder. Just imagining how they were placed in massive numbers in dungeons with steel plates on their necks, cuffs and ankles, and chains binding them together, creates an image that is so distressing, and it makes one wonder, why did these white people treat the Africans this way? What have they done to deserve this? What’s even ironic is that there is a church on this fortress; it makes you think how can these church-goers even bear to attend mass there knowing that the Africans were suffering in the dungeons in that area? Desp ite being the world’s 2nd largest continent – and possibly even one of the richest, because of their natural resources, one of which is diamonds – Africa has a dark history of slavery behind it which is said to be so deeply-ingrained that even the Africans themselves have a distorted view of what they perceive to be â€Å"the true, the good and the beautiful†. This occurrence is highly-expected due to the long-term bondage and subjection to foreign influences by different countries. Africa was an unwilling pawn in this game, and yet it has received the least desired effects which are still felt up to the present day. As one of the resource persons in the documentary states, what took place in Africa 5 centuries before was one that was physical – the torture, the serfdom, the suffering and vulnerability. Currently, Africa is still deep in slavery, but more on mental enslavement, which is indeed very disturbing. This is made apparent in the following quote: â€Å"African people are the largest consumers of self-mutilation products; skin bleaching, hair straightening, artificial nails, false hair, etc.† This is the effect of the long-term exposure to the Western/European cultures and creating icons which are far removed from what Africans can actually see in the environment they are exposed to. Africans have lost their genuine love for what is truly of African origin and have totally embraced that which was merely fed to them by their Western brethren. What’s more, the act of accepting Western culture as part of being African has been further enriched by attaching negative connotations to the word Black – as evil, dark, ugly, dirty, sinister, etc. – which only served to even widen the gap between the two races. Hence, in trying to be White, the Blacks merely ended up throwing more mud on their faces – not really a great scenario. It is indeed quite unsettling to know that up to the present time , the false notion of White superiority over Blacks is still believed by most Africans. There is still that undeniable stereotype attached by blacks to whites, and vice-versa, and although it has significantly improved, it will still probably take some time to totally eradicate this principle. This, I think, is a common problem which persists among cultures which were colonized and subjected to foreign influe

Color Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Color - Research Paper Example Color may be quantified and described by the extent to which they stimulate different types of cone cells (Travis, 2003). This is because color perception stems from different spectrum sensitivity of various cone cells in the retina to various parts of the spectrum. The physiological or physical color quantifications do not fully describe the color appearance and its psychophysical perception. The science of color is referred to as chromatography, color science or chromatics (Farndon, 2003). It involves color perception by the brain and human eye. Human perception of color originates from composites of light, photons’ energy spectrum entering the eye. The retina contains photosensitive cells on the back of the eye’s the inner surface. These photosensitive cells are composed of pigments absorbing visible light (Savage, 1998). There are two classes of photosensitive cells: cones and rods. Cones are responsible for human ability to distinguish between various colors (Klein er, 2004). On the other hand, the rods sense light intensity variations and are effective in dim light. Rods sense the flux of no photon energy, the incident photons. Therefore, whenever there is a dim light, human eye do not perceive colored objects as shades of color, but as shades of grey (Travis, 2003). Diagram of color and light Perception of color in the retina is done by photoreceptor cones which are sensitive to photons whose energy widely extend beyond the green, blue, and red spectrum portions (Kleiner, 2004). Color vision is often possible because of the differing photon energy sensitivity of the sets of cones (Savage, 1998). For every flux of photons or color signal, a ration of response in the different sets of cones is triggered. This ration is what permits color perception. During the day, human vision is effectively mostly in the blue-green where the spectrum of the sun is in its maximum region (Travis, 2003). Color sensation primarily depends on light composition, a mixture of colored light and white light (in itself can be wavelength mixture, like purple’s case) (Farndon, 2003). The colored light may have dominant hue or wavelength. The degree to which the wavelength dominates is referred to as chroma, saturation. This saturation, chroma decreases as the white light deletes the wavelength. There are 3 receptors that respond to various wavelengths in the eye. This results in attempts to chart colors via e primary lights mixture. A good number of colors are produces through mixing lights originating from the 3 primary lights. However, not all colors can be produced in this manner (Savage, 1998). Color vision development in human beings is an interesting process of evolution (Kleiner, 2004). The human eye is not in a linear straightforward development. Development of color vision begins as a light sensitive pigment and then differentiates on a smaller creature to create structures that are sensitive to light (Savage, 1998). These light se nsitive structures disperse in the forming eyeball and turns to be the retina. Initially, retina was like a moving sensor. However, it developed the ability to delineate fine details and to see color. The evolution of the eye and color perception is a standard development seen in all vertebrates and many non-vertebrates. So what is color? Why does retina develop ability to see color? (Farndon, 2003). Color is a visual perception that corresponds in human to the categories referred to as blue,

Video reponse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Video reponse - Essay Example An example is the meaning of the Apocalypse. I always thought that the Apocalypse referred to the end of times. However, as it emerged from the video, the term actually refers to the end of evil. A surprising and interesting piece of information is the autonomy that the Jewish community held. This is in reference to the communities at Antioch and Alexandria (PBS 38:45). Finally, I was also perplexed to learn of Caligula, the Roman emperor who wished to set up his statue in the temple at Jerusalem. I really enjoyed the videos due to the graphics and the directing. The scenes portraying the historical lifestyle and nature of the Jews seemed very real and very convincing. It was almost as if they were recordings rather than reenactments. The narration was also very informative in understanding the video itself. I would like to know more about the years between when Jesus attended the Passover feast at 12 years of age and the age of 30 when he began his ministry. I would also like to understand how Rome became the epicenter of Christianity. In particular, it would be interesting to understand exactly how the situation turned

Marketing Principles of National Basketball Association (NBA) Essay

Marketing Principles of National Basketball Association (NBA) - Essay Example The major competitor of NBA is MLB (Major League Baseball). MLB constitutes one of the major professional sports league in North America. The attendance in stadium and the revenue hence generated is higher in MLB than in case of NBA. But the noticeable star players are much more in NBA than in MLB. The national imaginations are not captured by MLB personalities. But NBA players are well known even outside the basketball circles. There are not any major differences in the national TV ratings of both leagues. Most of the money is generated through local sports TV networks. Basketball is decidedly spry while Baseball is decidedly gray according to the analysis of TV audience. Both the leagues have lost audience however since the 90s. The demography has a major role to play in the competition in the two leagues. Generally the NBA is followed more by Younger people as opposed to MLB. The marketing strategies and their impact on audience are more effective in case of NBA than that of MLB. (MLP, n.d.) Importan